In 1867, the British North America Act (BNA Act), the Constitution of Canada, united three British colonies: the Province of Canada (comprising Upper Canada, which is now Ontario, and Lower Canada, which is now Quebec), Nova Scotia and New Brunswick.
1867年，《英属北美法案》统一了三个英国殖民地：由上加拿大（今安大略省）及下加拿大（今魁北克省）组成的联合加拿大，新斯科舍和新不伦瑞克。该法案是加拿大宪法的前身。
The BNA Act made Canada a constitutional monarchy, whose sovereign is the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom (currently Elizabeth II).
《英属北美法案》使加拿大成为君主立宪政体，其国家元首为英国君主，目前是伊丽莎白二世。
Canada is a federation, which means that powers are divided between a central (federal) government and 10 provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island, and Newfoundland and Labrador).
加拿大是一个联邦，中央政府和10个省分享权力。加拿大的10个省为卑诗省，阿尔伯塔，萨斯喀彻温，曼尼托巴，安大略，魁北克，新不伦瑞克，新斯科舍，爱德华王子岛和纽芬兰-拉布拉多。
本文禁止住转载。任何形式转载请联系作者（时光在路上 ｗｗｗ．ｔｉｍｅｚｌｓ．ｃｏｍ）。时光在路上保留所有权利
本文禁止住转载。任何形式转载请联系作者（时光在路上 ｗｗｗ．ｔｉｍｅｚｌｓ．ｃｏｍ）。时光在路上保留所有权利
The powers of the federal government and the provinces are enshrined in the Constitution. The jurisdictions of the three territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut) are conferred on them by the federal government and aren’t enshrined in the BNA Act.
联邦和省的权力分配载入宪法。三个北方地区的权限由联邦赋予，没有写在《英属北美法案》中。
Elizabeth II is Canada’s head of state.
英国女王伊丽莎白二世是加拿大国家元首。
本文禁止全文转载。任何形式转载请联系作者（时光在路上 ｗｗｗ．ｔｉｍｅｚｌｓ．ｃｏｍ） Copyright © 2023. All Rights Reserved
In the past, only the British sovereign could amend the Constitution. In 1982, Canada patriated its Constitution, which means it adopted mechanisms to amend it itself, following an agreement between the federal government and nine of the provinces. Quebec refused to sign the agreement, primarily because it wasn’t granted special constitutional status.
本文禁止无授权转载 - 时光在路上 ｗｗｗ．ｔｉｍｅｚｌｓ．ｃｏｍ 保留所有权利
过去只有英国君主可以修改宪法。1982年，加拿大联邦政府和除魁北克之外的9个省达成协议后，收回宪法，设立自己修改宪法的机制。魁北克省因没有获得特殊宪法地位等原因而拒绝签署协议。
Furthermore, since 1982, the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is entrenched in the Constitution. Despite these changes, Canada remains a constitutional monarchy and the Queen of the United Kingdom, Elizabeth II, is still the Queen of Canada.
另外，自1982年起，加拿大权利与自由宪章载入宪法。尽管有上述变化，但加拿大仍然保持君主立宪制，英国女王伊丽莎白二世仍然是加拿大国家元首。
Canada’s system of government is inspired by the British parliamentary system and strongly rooted in tradition. The Parliament of Canada consists of two houses:
加拿大政府体系借鉴了英国议会制传统。联邦议会包括两院：
- The House of Commons (Lower House) includes 308 elected members. 众议院（下院）有308名选举产生的议员。
- The Senate (Upper House) includes 105 members appointed by the prime minister and representing all regions of the country. 参议院（上院）有105名总理任命的参议员，他们代表加拿大全国所有地区。
文章来源：www.rcinet.ca
本文禁止全文转载。任何形式转载请联系作者（时光在路上 ｗｗｗ．ｔｉｍｅｚｌｓ．ｃｏｍ） Copyright © 2023. All Rights Reserved
