Tradition dictates that the party winning the most seats forms the government. If a party ends up with more than half the seats in the House of Commons, a majority government forms and has control over the House.
根据议会制传统，当选议员人数最多的政党组建政府。如果组建政府的党在众议院获得的席位超过半数，组成的政府就是多数政府，它有能力控制众议院。
But if the party winning the most seats still has fewer than half the total seats, it is likely to form a minority government. This status means that the opposition parties, with their greater number of seats, can block bills from passing. The Opposition can also bring down the government on major matters like the budget.
反之，如果一个党虽然获得最多议席，但所获议席在众议院不过半，它组建的政府就是少数政府。这就意味着拥有更多议席的反对党可以否决政府提出的法案，也可以通过对财政预算等重要问题的投票来推翻政府。
When the government is brought down, the House of Commons is dissolved and an election called.
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政府如果垮台，随之而来的就是解散众议院和召集大选。
A minority party can unite with another party in the House of Commons to obtain an absolute majority. In such cases, the alliance may be temporary like the Liberal Party and the New Democratic Party in 2005. It may also be a formal alliance whereby the party that agrees to unite obtains positions within the government.
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一个少数党可以和另一个党组成联盟以获得绝对多数。这种联盟可以是暂时性的，如 2005 年自由党和新民主党之间的合作。它也可以是正式联盟。在后一种情况下两党联合执政，共同组阁。
Senators who are ministers aren’t permitted to sit in the House of Commons, but may sit in the Cabinet and on the Priorities Committee.
参议员如果担任部长，不能在众议院占有议席，但是可以加入内阁和参加研究重大议题的委员会。
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The prime minister may also appoint an unelected person as a minister. This new minister, however, must be elected as soon as possible in a by-election. If he loses the election, he must resign as minister.
总理也可以任命一个不是议员的人为部长，但是他必须在下一次补选时尽快当选。如果落选，就必须辞去部长职务。
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来源：www.rcinet.ca
